Morfološko istraživanje duodenuma kod male azijske tekunice (Spermophilus xanthoprymnus)

In the present study six adult souslik duodenums were fixed in the formaldehyde solution. The trimmed parts were blocked in the paraffin and sectioned in 5 micrometers thick parts. The sections were stained with the methods of Haemotoxylin-Eosin and PAS in the Souslik duodenum, the main mucosal constituents villi intestinales, crypts and goblet cells were prominent. The average heights of the villi intestinales in the duodenum formed 76% of the whole transversal diameter of the first part (I), 82% of the middle part (II) and 65% of the last part (III) near the jejunum. The average height of the villi intestinales in the middle part (II) was 40% and 60% higher than the average heights of the part I and III. The goblet cells were stained by the PAS reaction excessively but Brush border and the duodenal glands were slightly stained by the PAS reaction.In the present study six adult souslik duodenums were fixed in the formaldehyde solution. The trimmed parts were blocked in the paraffin and sectioned in 5 micrometers thick parts. The sections were stained with the methods of Haemotoxylin-Eosin and PAS in the Souslik duodenum, the main mucosal constituents villi intestinales, crypts and goblet cells were prominent. The average heights of the villi intestinales in the duodenum formed 76% of the whole transversal diameter of the first part (I), 82% of the middle part (II) and 65% of the last part (III) near the jejunum. The average height of the villi intestinales in the middle part (II) was 40% and 60% higher than the average heights of the part I and III. The goblet cells were stained by the PAS reaction excessively but Brush border and the duodenal glands were slightly stained by the PAS reaction

Macroanatomy of cecum in german mast geese (Anser Anser) and investigation with scanning electron microscope (Sem)

Our study aimed to compare the cecum of German mast geese with other poultry species through macroanatomy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Adult German geese were used as research material, which were obtained from its breeders and died of various causes. In the study, after determining the macroanatomical features of the German mast goose cecum, it was examined with a scanning electron microscope (JEOL JSM-5600LV) and the general structures were photographed. The craniodorsal of the rectum of German mast geese was shaped with two ceca, giving right and left arms to the cranial symmetrical to each other near the end of the ileum. The macroanatomy of the apex, corpus, and basis cecum parts was examined in the cecum divided into two. In the study, it was determined that villus extensions were sparse in the right and left apex ceci parts in the cecum SEM images of the German mast geese, while the number of the corpus and basis ceci parts was higher. As a result, the macroanatomy and scanning electron microscopic findings of German mast geese cecum were examined in detail and its differences from other poultry species were revealed

The management of nasal defects after non-melanoma skin cancer excision

Background: The reconstruction of the nasal defects occurring after a tumor excision is rather difficult. The purpose of this study is to present our choices of reconstruction using flaps or grafts depending on the size, localization, and depth of the nasal defects occurring after a basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma and to demonstrate our clinical approach and algorithm. Patients and methods: We retrospectively reviewed 224 patients who underwent nasal reconstruction after excision of nonmelanoma skin cancer between January 2010 and January 2015. Data collected included patients’ age and sex, anatomic location, tumor diagnosis, defect size, depth of the defects, reconstruction methods, recurrence, follow-up time, related to smoke and complications required. Results: A total of 224 patients were included in this study. Basal cell carcinoma was diagnosed 145 patients (64.7%), squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 79 patients (35.3%). The most common location for nasal reconstruction was the nasal dorsum and sidewalls (56%). The nasolabial flaps were the most commonly used flap (n=49), followed by bilobed flap (n=34), forehead flap (n=32), V-Y rotation advancement flap (n=27), glabellar flap (n=26), skin graft (n=15), single or bilateral transposition flap (n=20), and other combined flaps (n=21). Conclusions: Obtaining tumor-free borders and satisfying aesthetic results are foremost aim in nasal reconstruction after nasal skin cancer excision. In this study, our clinical approach for nasal defects reconstruction is presented, which is based on frequently performed local flaps and skin grafting. © 2016, E-Century Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved

3-Meth­oxy-2-[(E)-(4-meth­oxy­phen­yl)imino­meth­yl]phenol

The title compound, C15H15NO3, adopts the enol–imine tautomeric form. The two rings are twisted with respect to each other, making a dihedral angle of 44.08 (5)°. The 3-methoxy-2-[(E)-(4-methoxyphenyl)-iminomethyl]phenol unit is almost planar, the largest deviation from the mean plane being 0.047 (2) Å. Such a planar conformation might be related to the occurrence of an intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond. In the crystal, inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into sheets parallel to (010). These sheets are inter­connected by weak C—H⋯π inter­actions

Effect of concentrated growth factor on survival of diced cartilage graft

Background Diced cartilage grafts are important in rhinoplasty for raising the dorsum and eliminating dorsal irregularities. The most common problems with the use of diced cartilage are wrapping and cartilage resorption. Objectives To histopathologically investigate and compare the viability of diced cartilage grafts wrapped with concentrated growth factor, fascia and fenestrated fascia, or blood glue. Methods Cartilage grafts were harvested from the ears of 10 New Zealand White rabbits and diced into 0.5 to 1 mm3 pieces. The grafts were divided into five groups for comparison: (1) bare diced cartilage; (2) diced cartilage wrapped with fascia; (3) diced cartilage wrapped with fenestrated fascia; (4) diced cartilage wrapped with concentrated growth factor (CGF); and (5) diced cartilage wrapped with blood glue. Each of the five grafts was autologously implanted into a subcutaneous pocket in the back of each rabbit. Three months later, the rabbits were sacrificed and the implants were harvested and examined histopathologically. Results Nucleus loss, calcification, inflammation, and giant cell formation differed significantly between the CGF group and both fascia groups. Chondrocyte proliferation was the highest in the CGF group. Nucleus loss rates were similar between the fascia and fenestrated fascia groups. Conclusions Our findings suggest that CGF improves the viability of diced cartilage grafts, while fascia hampers it. Punching holes in the fascia does not improve diced cartilage graft viability and neither does blood glue wrapping. © copyright Crown 2016

Seeding Strategies for Multi-Objective Test Case Selection: An Application on Simulation-based Testing

The time it takes software systems to be tested is usually long. This is often caused by the time it takes the entire test suite to be executed. To optimize this, regression test selection approaches have allowed for improvements to the cost-effectiveness of verification and validation activities in the software industry. In this area, multi-objective algorithms have played a key role in selecting the appropriate subset of test cases from the entire test suite. In this paper, we propose a set of seeding strategies for the test case selection problem that generate the initial population of multi-objective algorithms.We integrated these seeding strategies with an NSGA-II algorithm for solving the test case selection problem in the context of simulation-based testing. We evaluated the strategies with six case studies and a total of 21 fitness combinations for each case study (i.e., a total of 126 problems). Our evaluation suggests that these strategies are indeed helpful for solving the multi-objective test case selection problem. In fact, two of the proposed seeding strategies outperformed the NSGA-II algorithm without seeding population with statistical significance for 92.8 and 96% of the problems

Determination of weed problem and chemical control status of Mardin province

Araştırma 2020 yılında Mardin ili tarım alanlarında ve kültür bitkilerinde sorun olan yabancı ot türlerini, tarım ve tarım dışı alanlarda kimyasal mücadele durumunu ve herbisitlere dayanıklı yabancı ot durumunu belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Mardin Tarım ve Orman Müdürlüğüne bağlı ruhsatlı 40 Bitki Koruma Ürünleri (BKÜ) Bayileri ile yüz yüze anketler yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, bayilerin yarıdan fazlası (%62.5) tarım alanlarında yoğun bir yabancı ot probleminin olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Sorun teşkil eden bu yabancı otların başında sırasıyla; S. halepense (%85), A. retroflexus (%65) ve S. arvensis (%60) yabancı ot türlerinin geldiğini bildirmişlerdir. Yabancı ot sorununa kültür bitkileri düzeyinde bakıldığında en büyük sorunun mısır (%90), buğday (%87.5) ve pamuk (%75) ekim alanlarında olduğunu ve dolayısıyla en yoğun kimyasal kullanımında bu bitkilerde olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Bayilerin büyük bir çoğunluğu (%85) bölgede ciddi bir dayanıklılık problemin olduğunu ve herbisit kullanılmasına rağmen bazı yabancı ot türlerinin kontrol altına alınmasının mümkün olmadığını ifade etmişlerdir. Bu yabancı otların başında da sırasıyla; S. halepense (%52.5), A. retroflexus (%40) ve A. sterilis (%22.5) türlerinin geldiğini bildirmişlerdir. Mardin ilinde yabancı otların tarım ve tarım dışı alanlarda büyük sorun teşkil ettiği ve yabancı otlarla mücadele etmek amacıyla herbisitlerin yoğun ve sık kullanılmasından dolayı yabancı otlarda gelişen herbisit dayanıklılığının gün geçtikçe daha fazla sorun teşkil ettiği görülmektedir.This study was carried out to determine the weed species that were a problem in the agricultural areas of Mardin province, the chemical control situation in the agricultural and non-agricultural areas, and the weed resistance to herbicides. Face-to-face questionnaires were conducted with 40 Plant Protection Products (BKU) dealers licensed under the Mardin Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry. As a result of the conducted surveys, more than half of the dealers (62.5%) stated the weed problem level intensely in the agricultural areas. The respondents have indicated that among these most problematic weed species were as; S. halepense (85%), A. retroflexus (65%), and S. arvensis (60%) respectively. When it comes to the weed problems at the level of cultivated plants, they stated that the biggest problem is in the cultivation areas of corn (90%), wheat (87.5%) and cotton (%75) and therefore, the most intensive use of chemicals are in these plants. Most of the pesticide dealers (85%) stated that there is a serious resistance problem in the region and it is not possible to control some weed species despite the use of the herbicides. They stated that these weeds respectively were S. halepense (52. 5%), A. retroflexus (40%), and A. sterilis (22.5%) species. In the province of Mardin, it is seen that weeds constitute a major problem in agriculture and non-agricultural areas, and herbicide resistance in weeds is increasingly problematic day by day due to the intensive and frequent use of herbicides for weed control

Orta Anadolu’daki Parkinson Hastalarında Homosistein ve MTHFR Polimorfizmleri Arasındaki İlişkinin Araştırılması ve Tedavi Seçenekleri

Aim In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms to homocysteine levels in patients with Parkinson's disease who were treated with levodopa and entekapone. Materials and Methods Plasma homocysteine (hcy), folic acid and vitamin B12 levels and MTHFR (C677T, A1298C) polymorphisms and treatment options were compared in 70 Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients who taking levodopa (n=26), dopamine agonist (n=11) and levodopa and entacapone treatment together (n=33) with 100 controls. Results Although no statistically significant difference was detected, hcy level of the patients was found higher compared to control group (patient 18.29 ± 9.22 µmol /l vs control 15.77 ± 7.58 µmol / l) and hcy level was highest in the patients receiving only levodopa (19.56 ± 10.77 µmol / l). The frequency of TT genotype in the patients was higher compared to the control group (11.4%, 6%). Especially, hcy level for levodopa-receiving patients with 677TT genotype became significantly higher level when compared with other genotypes of levodopareceiving patients (respectively 677TT 36.28 ± 16.17, 677CT 13.5 ± 1.71, 677CC 17.2 ± 6.59). No statistically significant difference was detected between patients and controls regarding their folic acid and vitamin B12 levels and A1298C polymorphism. Conclusion Finally, both 677TT genotype and levodopa treatment might be jointly contributed to the increasing of the plasma hcy levels in PD patients and entacapone limitedly decreased hcy levels during levodopa treatment. It can be said that results need to be supported with larger sample sized comprehensive studies.Amaç Çalışmamızda levodopa ve entekapon kullanan Parkinson hastalarında MTHFR genindeki C677T ve A1298C polimorfizmlerinin homosistein düzeyine etkilerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Materyal ve Metot 70 Parkinson (PD) hastasında; plazma homosisteini (hcy), folik asit, B12 vitamini seviyeleri, MTHFR (C677T, A1298C) polimorfizmleri ve tedavi seçenekleri karşılaştırıldı. 100 kişilik bir kontrol grubunun yer aldığı çalışmada, 70 hastanın 26’sı levodopa (n=26), 11’i dopamin agonisti (n=11) kullanırken, 33 hasta da levodopa ve entakapon tedavisini birliktealmaktaydı. Bulgular İstatistiki olarak anlamlı bir fark gözlenmese de, hastalardaki homosistein seviyesinin kontrol grubunda yer alanlara göre daha fazla olduğu tespit edildi (hasta 18.29 ± 9.22 µmol /l vs kontrol 15.77 ± 7.58 µmol/ l). Ayrıca homosistein seviyesinin en yüksek olduğu hasta grubunun sadece levodopa kullanan hastalar olduğu görüldü (19.56 ± 10.77 µmol / l). Hastalardaki TT genotipinin sıklığının da kontrol grubunda yer alanlara göre daha fazla olduğu görüldü (%11.4, %6). Özellikle, levodopa kullanan ve 677TT genotipine sahip olan hastalardaki homosistein seviyesi, levodopa kullanan ve diğer genotiplere sahip olan hastalardaki homosistein seviyesine göre anlamlı bir şekilde yüksek (sırasıyla 677TT 36.28 ± 16.17, 677CT 13.5 ± 1.71, 677CC 17.2 ± 6.59). Hastalar ve kontrol grubu arasında folik asit ve B12 vitamini seviyeleri ile A1298C polimorfizmi açısından anlamlı bir farka rastlanmadı. Sonuç Sonuç olarak; Parkinson hastalarında 677TT genotipinin ve levodopa kullanımının bir arada olmasının plazma homosistein seviyesini artırdığı, ayrıca entakaponun levodopa tedavisi esnasında sınırlı da olsa homosistein seviyesini düşürdüğü gözlemlenmiştir. Ancak sonuçların daha fazla örnek sayısı içeren kapsamlı çalışmalarla desteklenmesinin gerekli olduğu söylenebilir

Surgical treatment of classic kaposi's sarcoma in the lower extremity

Objective: Classic Kaposi's sarcoma is an indolent, angioproliferative tumor that is usually observed in the lower extremities of elderly men. Depending on their stages, skin lesions are maculonodular or vegetative ulcerated masses. Visceral organ or lymph node involvement may rarely occur. There is no gold standard treatment for local diseases. Surgical excision, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and cryotherapy can be performed. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the long-term results of surgical excision and skin graft repair of stage I and II classic Kaposi's sarcoma skin lesions around the foot and ankle. Material and Methods: Eleven patients were included. The patients' age and gender, location of lesion, surgical treatment, follow- up period, and recurrence were evaluated by retrospectively examining patient records. For the surgical treatment, the lesion was excised with a 0.5-cm safe skin margin. The defect area was repaired with full-thickness skin grafts that were obtained from the inguinal region in all patients. Results: Eight of the patients were male and three were female. The average age of the patients was 69 (54-84) years. All patients were completely cured. The average follow-up period was 1.8 (1-3) years. No recurrence was observed in any of the patients at the end of the follow-up period. Conclusion: Classic Kaposi's sarcoma skin lesions in the lower extremity can be completely cured by surgical excision, with no recurrence risk. After surgical excision, using a full-thickness skin graft for repairing primary cutaneous defects, particularly those in the soles, is a simple and reliable method